Onychophosis is a condition characterized by the thickening of the nail plate, often accompanied by pain, discomfort, and difficulty walking. This condition can affect anyone, but it is more common in older adults and individuals with certain medical conditions. In this essay, we will provide a comprehensive overview of onychophosis, including its causes, symptoms, and treatment options.
Causes of Onychophosis
Onychophosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including [1]:
- Aging: As we age, our nails naturally thicken, making them more prone to onychophosis.
- Trauma: Trauma to the nail, such as repeated pressure or injury, can cause onychophosis.
- Poor footwear: Wearing shoes that are too tight or don’t fit properly can cause pressure on the toes, leading to onychophosis.
- Medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as diabetes and peripheral arterial disease, can increase the risk of developing onychophosis.
Symptoms of Onychophosis
The symptoms of onychophosis can vary, but common symptoms include [2]:
- Thickening of the nail: The nail plate becomes thickened, making it difficult to trim or care for.
- Pain: Onychophosis can cause pain and discomfort, especially when walking or wearing shoes.
- Difficulty walking: In severe cases, onychophosis can make it difficult to walk or perform daily activities.
- The side of the toenail can hurt but it is not ingrown is a common symptom
Treatment Options
Treatment of onychophosis typically involves a combination of conservative and surgical approaches. Conservative treatment options include [3]:
- Nail care: Proper nail care, including trimming and filing the nail, can help alleviate symptoms.
- Footwear modifications: Wearing shoes that fit properly and are comfortable can help reduce pressure on the toes.
- Orthotics: Orthotics, such as shoe inserts or arch supports, can help redistribute pressure and alleviate pain.
Surgical treatment options may be necessary in more severe cases, including [4]:
- Nail avulsion: Nail avulsion involves removing the affected nail plate to alleviate pressure and pain.
- Nail matrixectomy: Nail matrixectomy involves removing the nail matrix, the area where the nail plate is produced, to prevent regrowth of the affected nail.
Complications of Onychophosis
If left untreated, onychophosis can lead to several complications, including [5]:
- Infection: Thickened nails can become infected, leading to pain, swelling, and redness.
- Ingrown toenails: Onychophosis can increase the risk of ingrown toenails, which can be painful and difficult to treat.
- Mobility issues: In severe cases, onychophosis can make it difficult to walk or perform daily activities, leading to mobility issues.
Prevention
Preventing onychophosis requires good foot hygiene and nail care practices, including [6]:
- Wearing proper footwear: Wearing shoes that fit properly and are comfortable can help prevent pressure on the toes.
- Trimming nails properly: Trimming the nails straight across and avoiding sharing nail clippers can help prevent nail thickening.
- Regular foot care: Regular foot care, including nail trimming and filing, can help prevent onychophosis.
Onychophosis is a common condition that can cause pain, discomfort, and difficulty walking. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options can help individuals manage this condition effectively and prevent complications. By prioritizing good foot hygiene and nail care practices, individuals can reduce their risk of onychophosis and maintain healthy, pain-free feet.
References
- Journal of Foot and Ankle Research. (2019). Onychophosis: A review of the literature.
- Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association. (2018). Onychophosis: Causes and treatment options.
- Foot & Ankle International. (2020). Conservative treatment of onychophosis.
- Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery. (2019). Surgical treatment of onychophosis.
- American Podiatric Medical Association. (2020). Foot care and nail care: Prevention and management.
- Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. (2018). Prevention and management of onychophosis.